The satellite industry continues to push the boundaries of what’s possible as the world races towards a more connected future. In 2025, we’ve seen a great deal of transformation, from software-defined satellites (SDS) and space situational awareness (SSA) to 5G non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) operating in Ku-band. Each breakthrough reflects a shared goal: to create adaptive, intelligent, and sustainable global networks that connect every corner of the world. As the year comes to an end, we look back at our top stories shaping this evolution.
Bridging the Digital Divide with 5G NTN in Ku-Band
A significant step toward universal connectivity has been made with the emergence of 5G NTNs operating in the Ku-band spectrum. According to SES’s Gerry Collins, this technology eliminates coverage gaps that have long limited mobile access by integrating satellite and terrestrial systems into a seamless hybrid network. In contrast to existing satellite-to-smartphone services that rely on scarce terrestrial spectrum and regional agreements, 5G NTN in Ku-band leverages a globally standardized frequency range (10-14 GHz) with a significantly higher capability, allowing interoperability across nations and devices. This breakthrough opens the door for a new generation of applications, ranging from smart energy and agriculture systems across continents to broadband-connected vehicles.
Software-Defined Satellites Are the Next Phase of Network Flexibility
SDS are transforming space communications by enabling payloads to be reprogrammed in minutes rather than decades. This agility enables real-time adaptability to shifting demand, coverage needs, and network conditions. The ground segment needs to evolve into a software-defined, cloud-enabled system that mirrors this flexibility to reach its full potential. SDS provides mobile network operators with more efficient coverage, increased resilience, and seamless hybrid connectivity. As 5G NTNs and AI mature, they’ll further enhance this new era of intelligent, adaptive global networks.
Space Situational Awareness: Securing the Final Frontier
With almost 12,000 satellites in orbit today, the majority of which are in low Earth orbit, SSA is now vital to prevent collisions and protect essential services like GPS and communications. Knowing “where things are in space” is central to maintaining safe operations in the face of a rapidly advancing commercial space industry, as Edy Valdes of SES noted. The foundation for an air traffic control system for space is being laid by developments in AI, sensor technology, and space-based monitoring that enables real-time tracking and collision avoidance. Scalable SSA solutions are being delivered by established operators such as SES, which are using their global infrastructure, but long-term progress requires international cooperation and data-sharing. Stakeholders can ensure space continues to be a secure, shared, and sustainable environment in the future through initiatives like NOAA’s TraCSS, public-private partnerships, and international alignment.
Five Trends Shaping the Future of IoT
With over 18 billion devices powering smarter homes, cities, and industries, the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to transform global connectivity. Five key trends are driving IoT growth: AI integration, edge computing, enhanced security, 5G expansion, and sustainability. More intelligent, responsive, and energy-efficient systems are made possible by these technologies in a variety of industries, including manufacturing and healthcare. However, satellite technology is filling the gap as global connectivity demands surpass those of terrestrial networks, extending the reach of IoT to the world’s most critical and remote environments. To create a seamless ecosystem where devices can communicate and function anywhere on Earth, terrestrial and satellite networks need to merge in the future.
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